RFID technology uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. These tags contain electronically stored information that can be read remotely using RFID readers. RFID-based RTLS offers cost-effective solutions for tracking assets in areas such as warehouses or production facilities. It provides accurate location data and integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure. The most common technologies used by RTLS are listed below.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
BLE technology enables devices to communicate wirelessly over short distances with minimal power consumption. In addition, BLE-based RTLS solutions are widely used for indoor asset tracking, proximity detection. BLE beacons are deployed throughout the facility to transmit signals collected by receivers and provide real-time location information. This technology is widely adopted in the retail, healthcare and hospitality sectors to improve customer experiences and operational efficiency.
Ultra Wideband (UWB)
UWB technology enables highly accurate indoor positioning by utilizing low-energy pulses to precisely measure the time it takes for signals to travel between devices. RTLS solutions offer centimeter-level accuracy. This makes them suitable for applications that require high precision, such as tracking medical equipment and personnel in the healthcare industry. UWB also performs well in harsh environments with obstacles or interference.
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
GNSS, which includes GPS, Galileo and GLONASS, provides outdoor positioning capabilities using signals from satellites. Although primarily used for navigation, GNSS integrates into RTLS solutions for outdoor asset tracking and fleet management. It combines GNSS with other technologies such as inertial sensors or cellular networks. It also maintains continuous tracking coverage even in urban canyons or areas with limited satellite visibility.
Wi-Fi Based RTLS
Wi-Fi infrastructure, common in most indoor environments, is also leveraged for RTLS applications. RTLS uses network infrastructure and access points to triangulate the location of Wi-Fi enabled devices. This approach is suitable for asset management in office buildings, retail stores and hospitality venues. It also provides cost-effective monitoring solutions with reasonable accuracy.
As a result, RTLS technologies continue to evolve, providing a variety of solutions to meet the diverse tracking and positioning requirements across industries. RTLS’s most frequently used technologies, whether RFID for warehouse management, BLE for indoor navigation, UWB for precision tracking, GNSS for outdoor logistics, or Wi-Fi for seamless integration. The choice of technology depends on specific use cases, accuracy requirements and environmental factors. As these technologies advance, it is inevitable that the possibilities for real-time tracking and location-aware applications will expand even further, driving efficiency and innovation across industries.